化学成分
青皮含升压有效成分:左旋辛弗林乙酸盐(synephrine acetate)。还含天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)谷氨酸(glutamic acid),脯氨酸(proline),甘氨酸(glycine),丙氨酸(alanine),胱氨酸(cystine),缬氨酸(valine),亮氨酸(leucine),异亮氨酸(isoleucine),苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine),组氨酸(histidine),精氨酸(arginine),酪氨酸(tyrosine)。橘及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮含挥发油1.198%-3.187%,其中主成分为柠檬烯(limonene),还含β-月桂烯(β-myrcene),a-及β-蒎烯(Pinene),a-松油烯a-terpinene),a-侧柏烯(a-thujene),香桧烯(sabiene),辛醛(octanal),a-水芹烯(a-phellandrene),对-聚伞花素(p-cymene),a-罗勒烯(a-ocimene),γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene),异松油烯(terpinolene),芳樟醇(linalool),3,7-二甲基-7-辛烯醛(3,7-dimethyl-7-octenal),4-松油醇(4-terpineol),a-松油醇(a-terpineol),癸醛(decanal),香茅醇(citronellol),4-叔丁基苯甲醇[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-benzene-emethanol],紫苏醛(perillaldehyde),香荆芥酚(carvacrol),a-金合欢烯(a-farnesene),以及苯甲醇(benzyl alcohol),橙花醇(nerol),橙花醛(neral),辛酸(octanol),百里香酚(thymol),香茅醛(citronellal),水化香桧烯(sabinenehydrate)。又含黄酮类成分:5,7,4‘-三甲氧基黄酮(5,7,4‘-trimethoxy flavone),5,7,8,3’,4’-五甲氧基黄酮(5,7,8,3’,4’-pentamethoxy flavone),5,7,8,4’-四甲氧基黄酮(5,7,8,4’-tetramethoxy flavone),5-羟基-7,8,4’-三甲氧基黄酮(5-hydroxy-7,8,4’-trimethoxy flavone),5,4’-二羟基-7, 8-二甲氧基黄酮(5,4’-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy flavone),5,6,7,3’,4’-五甲氧基黄酮(5,6,7,3’,4’-pentamethoxy flavone)即是甜橙素(sinensetin),5-羟基-6,7,3’,4’-四甲氧基黄酮(5-hydroxy-6,7,3’,4’-tetramethoxy flavone),5,6,7,8,3’,4’-六甲氧基黄酮(5,6,7,8,3’,4’-hexamethoxy flavone);川陈皮素(nobiletin),5-羟基-6,7,8,3’,4’-五甲素基黄酮(5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3’,4’-pen-tamethoxy flavone),5,7, 4’-三羟基-6,8, 3’-三甲氧基黄酮(5,7,4’-trihydroxy-6,8,3’-trimethoxy flavone)即是苏达齐黄酮(su-dachi flavone),5,6,7,8,4’-五甲氧基黄酮(5,6,7,8,4’-pen-tamethoxy flavone)即是福橘素(tangeritin),5-羟基-6,7,8,4-四甲氧基黄酮(5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4’-tetramethoxy flavone),4’-羟基-5,6,7,8-四甲氧基黄酮(4‘-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone),5,4‘-二羟基-6,7,8-三甲氧基黄酮(5,4‘-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy flavone)即是黄姜味草酸(xanthomicrol)以及橙皮甙(hesperidin),新橙皮甙(neohesperidin),米橘素(citromitin),5-O-去甲米橘素(5-O-desmethyl citromitin)。还含β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),柠檬苦素(limonin),阿魏酸(ferulic acid),5,5’-氧联二亚甲基-双-(2-呋喃甲醛)[5,5’- oxydimethylene-bis(2-furaldehyde)]。[2]
茶枝柑的干燥成熟果皮含挥发油3.541%,其中主要成分为柠檬烯,还含β-月桂烯,a-及β-蒎烯,a-松油烯,a-侧柏烯,桧烯,辛醛,a-水芹烯,对聚伞花素,γ-松油烯,异松油烯,芳樟醇,壬醛(nonanal),3,7-二甲基-7-辛烯醛,4-松油醇,a-松油醇,癸醛,香茅醇,紫苏醛,香芹酚,2-甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯(benzoic acid 2-methylaminomethylester),a-金合欢烯,2,6,10-三甲基-2,6,9,11-十二碳四烯醛(2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,9,11-dodecatetraenal)。四会柑的干燥成熟果皮含挥发油1.433%-3.941%,其中主成分为柠檬烯,还含β-月桂烯,a-蒎烯,桧烯,辛醛,芳樟酸,a-松油醇,癸醛,香茅醇,紫苏醛,对聚伞花素,γ-松油烯,3,7-二甲基-7-辛烯醛。朱橘的干燥成熟果皮含福橘素,川陈皮素,甜橙素,5,7,8,4‘-四甲氧基黄酮,5,7,8,3‘,4‘-五甲氧基黄酮。